Madagascar's forest cover fell from 23.1 % in 1994 to 21.3 % in 2023.
Madagascar · Environment
Forests, air quality, land, water and protected areas.
10 indicators · 10 with data
Land
Madagascar's forest area fell from 134,283 km in 1994 to 123,902 km in 2023.
Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
% of land area
143rd of 213 · 33rd in Sub-Saharan Africa
Madagascar's terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) rose from 5.0 % in 2013 to 12.8 % in 2025.
Madagascar's agricultural land (% of land area) rose from 62.7 % in 1994 to 70.3 % in 2023.
Madagascar's arable land (% of land area) rose from 5.0 % in 1994 to 5.2 % in 2023.
Air
Madagascar's air pollution (pm2.5) rose from 10.3 in 1994 to 12.4 in 2023.
Water
Madagascar's water stress fell from 4.3 % in 1993 to 4.0 % in 2022.
Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita
cubic metres per person
42nd of 181 · 8th in Sub-Saharan Africa
Madagascar's renewable internal freshwater resources per capita fell from 25,535 in 1993 to 11,072 in 2022.
Access
Madagascar's safe drinking water rose from 7.3 % in 2000 to 22.1 % in 2024.
Madagascar's safe sanitation rose from 3.2 % in 2000 to 12.8 % in 2024.