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Innovation, research & technology · Research

Researchers in R&D (per million people)

per million people · Annual · 145 of 218 countries (67 %) · 1996–2024
World average (population-weighted)
2,261 /M
across 76 countries, 2023
Latest observation
2024
Source updated
13 Jul 2026
CountryAtlas refreshed
11 Sep 2026
Snapshot 20260911T072322Z

World map

One value per country for the selected year. Hatched = no data.

19962024 · 76 countries
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 2023World map of Researchers in R&D (per million people) (2023) for 76 countries, from 1 /M to 18,130 /M.Fiji: —Tanzania: —W. Sahara: —Canada: —United States: —Kazakhstan: 693 /MUzbekistan: 542 /MPapua New Guinea: —Indonesia: —Argentina: 1,313 /MChile: —DR Congo: —Somalia: —Kenya: 201 /MSudan: —Chad: —Haiti: —Dominican Republic: —Russia: 2,653 /MBahamas: —Falkland Is.: —Norway: 7,451 /MGreenland: —Fr. S. Antarctic Lands: —Timor-Leste: —South Africa: —Lesotho: 32 /MMexico: 419 /MUruguay: 902 /MBrazil: —Bolivia: —Peru: —Colombia: —Panama: 253 /MCosta Rica: 508 /MNicaragua: —Honduras: —El Salvador: 55 /MGuatemala: 1 /MBelize: —Venezuela: 180 /MGuyana: —Suriname: —France: 5,369 /MEcuador: —Puerto Rico: —Jamaica: —Cuba: 1,968 /MZimbabwe: —Botswana: —Namibia: —Senegal: —Mali: 26 /MMauritania: —Benin: —Niger: —Nigeria: —Cameroon: —Togo: 41 /MGhana: —Côte d'Ivoire: —Guinea: —Guinea-Bissau: —Liberia: —Sierra Leone: —Burkina Faso: —Central African Republic: —Republic of the Congo: —Gabon: —Equatorial Guinea: —Zambia: —Malawi: —Mozambique: —Eswatini: —Angola: —Burundi: —Israel: —Lebanon: —Madagascar: —Palestine: —Gambia: —Tunisia: —Algeria: 1,782 /MJordan: —United Arab Emirates: —Qatar: —Kuwait: 159 /MIraq: —Oman: 655 /MVanuatu: —Cambodia: —Thailand: 1,592 /MLaos: —Myanmar: 28 /MVietnam: 836 /MNorth Korea: —South Korea: 9,472 /MMongolia: —India: —Bangladesh: —Bhutan: 237 /MNepal: —Pakistan: 474 /MAfghanistan: —Tajikistan: —Kyrgyzstan: —Turkmenistan: —Iran: —Syria: —Armenia: 1,040 /MSweden: 8,911 /MBelarus: 1,504 /MUkraine: —Poland: 3,675 /MAustria: 6,634 /MHungary: 4,567 /MMoldova: 717 /MRomania: 1,082 /MLithuania: 3,704 /MLatvia: 2,191 /MEstonia: 4,800 /MGermany: 5,926 /MBulgaria: 2,401 /MGreece: 5,283 /MTürkiye: 2,645 /MAlbania: —Croatia: 2,440 /MSwitzerland: 6,108 /MLuxembourg: 5,359 /MBelgium: 5,990 /MNetherlands: 6,563 /MPortugal: 5,983 /MSpain: 3,654 /MIreland: 5,753 /MNew Caledonia: —Solomon Islands: —New Zealand: 5,435 /MAustralia: —Sri Lanka: —China: 2,107 /MTaiwan: —Italy: 2,855 /MDenmark: 8,838 /MUnited Kingdom: —Iceland: 5,953 /MAzerbaijan: 1,663 /MGeorgia: 1,768 /MPhilippines: —Malaysia: —Brunei: —Slovenia: 5,616 /MFinland: 8,315 /MSlovakia: 3,507 /MCzechia: 4,505 /MEritrea: —Japan: 5,609 /MParaguay: 139 /MYemen: —Saudi Arabia: 1,121 /MN. Cyprus: —Cyprus: 1,686 /MMorocco: —Egypt: 845 /MLibya: —Ethiopia: —Djibouti: —Somaliland: —Uganda: 81 /MRwanda: 133 /MBosnia and Herzegovina: 670 /MNorth Macedonia: 922 /MSerbia: 2,515 /MMontenegro: —Kosovo: —Trinidad and Tobago: —South Sudan: —
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 2023
  • 1 /M – 245 /M
  • 245 /M – 902 /M
  • 902 /M – 2,038 /M
  • 2,038 /M – 3,704 /M
  • 3,704 /M – 5,839 /M
  • 5,839 /M – 18,130 /M
  • No data
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Trend

Aggregate across the countries of a group, year by year. Computed by CountryAtlas from country values — no published aggregate is used.

countries per year: 28–90
World · Researchers in R&D (per million people)
Population-weighted mean
  • Population-weighted mean
  • Median
World · Researchers in R&D (per million people)2 series from 1996 to 2024: Population-weighted mean, Median.2000200520102015202001,0002,0003,000

2 series from 1996 to 2024: Population-weighted mean, Median.

Highest and lowest

The five leaders and the five trailing countries, 2023.

Top 5

Bottom 5

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Pick up to five countries. Defaults to the three largest economies with data.

ChinaGermanyJapan
  • China
  • Germany
  • Japan
Researchers in R&D (per million people)3 series from 1996 to 2023: China, Germany, Japan.2000200520102015202002,0004,0006,000

3 series from 1996 to 2023: China, Germany, Japan.

Open the full comparison

Definition

Definition
Unit
per million people (/M)
Frequency
Annual
Aggregation
none · Higher is better
Valid range
020000

Sources & provenance

Every value on this page comes from one of these series, chosen per country by priority.

  1. Priority #1
    World BankWDISP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6partial
    145 countries · 1,973 obs. · → 2024 · CC BY 4.0

    The number of researchers engaged in Research &Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Researchers are professionals who conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models techniques instrumentation, software of operational methods. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Source: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02

    Open at source

Series-level selection: for each country the whole series comes from the highest-priority source that has any non-forecast value for it. If a lower-priority source is more than three years fresher, the freshest source wins instead. Non-chosen values are kept as alternatives, never discarded.

Countries without data

142 of 218 countries have no value for 2023.

Typical reasons: the source does not survey small territories or micro-states; the statistical office reports with a lag of one to three years; the series is only compiled for member countries of the source organisation (OECD, EU, Eurostat); or a value exists but failed validation and is quarantined rather than shown.

Downloads & API

Every observation for this indicator, all countries and years, with provenance columns.

API example

One country, full history. Replace CAN by any ISO3 code or slug.

bash
curl -s "https://www.countryatlas.co/api/v1/series?country=CAN&indicator=researchers-per-million" | jq '.series[0] | {country: .country.name, unit, last: .stats.last, source: .provenance.source_name}'

API documentation